高強(qiáng)螺栓作為鋼結(jié)構(gòu)節(jié)點連接中常用的部件，在鋼結(jié)構(gòu)中起到非常重要作用。高強(qiáng)螺栓主要由扭剪型高強(qiáng)螺栓和大六角螺栓之分。高強(qiáng)螺栓采用電動扳手來緊固。

　　High strength bolts, as the most commonly used component in steel structure node connections, play a very important role in steel structures. High strength bolts are mainly divided into torsional shear type high-strength bolts and large hexagonal bolts. High strength bolts are tightened using electric wrenches.

　　螺栓的等級性能等級分3.6、4.6、4.8、5.6、6.8、8.8、9.8、10.9、12.9等10余個等級。①高強(qiáng)度螺栓：指的是性能等級為8.8級及以上的螺栓，其材質(zhì)為低碳合金鋼或中碳鋼并經(jīng)熱處理（淬火、回火）。②普通螺栓：其余通稱普通螺栓，可分為精制螺栓（A、B級：5.6或8.8）和粗制螺栓（C級），性能等級一般為4.6或4.8。

　　The performance levels of bolts are divided into more than 10 levels, including 3.6, 4.6, 4.8, 5.6, 6.8, 8.8, 9.8, 10.9, 12.9, etc High strength bolt: refers to bolts with a performance grade of 8.8 or above, made of low-carbon alloy steel or medium carbon steel and subjected to heat treatment (quenching, tempering) Ordinary bolts: commonly referred to as ordinary bolts, they can be divided into refined bolts (A, B grade: 5.6 or 8.8) and rough bolts (C grade), with a performance level generally of 4.6 or 4.8.

　　螺栓的連接

　　Bolt connection

　　螺栓與螺母配合，用于緊固連接兩個帶有通孔的元件，屬于可拆卸連接。螺栓連接的工作原理

　　The bolt and nut are used to fasten and connect two components with through holes, which is a detachable connection. Working principle of bolted connection

　　胡可定律：固體材料受力之后，材料中的應(yīng)力與應(yīng)變（單位變形量）之間成線性關(guān)系。

　　Hu Ke's Law: After a solid material is subjected to force, there is a linear relationship between the stress and strain (unit deformation) in the material.

　　電動扳手的應(yīng)用

　　Application of electric wrench

　　電動扭剪扳手主要用于緊固高強(qiáng)度扭剪螺栓，并且在緊固完成后將剪斷的梅花頭保留在套筒內(nèi)部不掉落，隨后扣動扳機(jī)將梅花頭彈出。

　　The electric twist shear wrench is mainly used to tighten high-strength twist shear bolts, and after the tightening is completed, the cut plum blossom head is kept inside the sleeve without falling off, and then the trigger is pulled to eject the plum blossom head.

　　電動扭矩扳手主要用于緊固各種有扭力要求的大六角高強(qiáng)螺栓，動力為220v或110v交流電源，帶有扭矩控制器，在一定范圍內(nèi)輸出扭矩可調(diào)。

　　Electric torque wrenches are mainly used to tighten various high-strength bolts with torque requirements, powered by 220V or 110V AC power, equipped with torque controllers, and can output adjustable torque within a certain range.

　　近年來，因螺栓緊固不當(dāng)帶來的設(shè)備問題屢見不鮮，緊固不足、緊固過量、緊固不均等引起的振動超標(biāo)、螺栓斷裂、部件脫落等設(shè)備故障、事故時有發(fā)生。

　　In recent years, equipment safety issues caused by improper bolt tightening have become increasingly common. Equipment failures and safety accidents such as excessive vibration, bolt breakage, and component detachment caused by insufficient, excessive, or uneven tightening have occurred from time to time.

　　使用電動扭矩扳手控制施工扭矩的重要性

　　The importance of using electric torque wrenches to control construction torque

　　在施工中，除了剪切力和拉力之外，還會受到：振動、溫度、側(cè)向應(yīng)力（風(fēng)力、流量、壓力等）、負(fù)載的改變等其他的一些作用力。使用電動扭矩扳手控制施工扭矩是很重要的，如果所設(shè)定的扭矩值偏小，就會造成緊固不足，螺栓就會因振動或循環(huán)載荷而松脫，如果緊固過度，會使法蘭轉(zhuǎn)動使鋼結(jié)構(gòu)斷裂。

　　During construction, in addition to shear and tensile forces, other forces such as vibration, temperature, lateral stress (wind, flow, pressure, etc.), and changes in load will also be applied. It is important to use an electric torque wrench to control the construction torque. If the set torque value is too small, it will cause insufficient tightening, and bolts will loosen due to vibration or cyclic loads. If tightened excessively, it will cause flange rotation and steel structure fracture.

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